Indian Sandalwood Farming

                                      Indian Sandalwood

1.INTRODUCTION

Sandalwood has been valued for centuries for its fragrance, wood working potential and various purported medicinal qualities. In India the genus is represented by Santalum album and the wood is commercially known as East Indian Sandalwood and the essential oil from it is East Indian Sandalwood oil. East Indian Sandalwood & Sandalwood Oil are amongst the oldest perfumery materials used
2.Agro technology of cultivation of Sandalwood

It is a mistaken belief that sandalwood grown in natural forest conditions alone produce scented heartwood and sandalwood grown in northern region does not. Sandalwood can be grown in a variety of soil with pH ranging from 7 to 8.5, with area temperature ranging from 5 to 50C. It is not region specific and can adapt to different environmental conditions. The plantation-grown trees with irrigation and fertilization perform exceedingly well compared to natural forest conditions. In natural conditions sandalwood trees takes more than 7 years to produce scented heartwood and its growth is restricted due to climatic factors, soil, vegetation, fire, grazing and human interventions. Under these stress conditions, fully developed tree requires about 30 to 35 years for harvesting. Whereas the plantation grown trees produce heartwood formations in about 3 to 4 years and develop good heartwood ranging in diameter from 15 cm to 25 cm in about 12 to15 years. Harvesting at this age is much more economical and commercially viable.
The sandalwood oil obtained at this age may range from 3.5 to 4 percent with good percentage of total santalol content. These results are based on the existing plantations of Indian Sandalwood in Australia. Timely Irrigation, fertilization, soil working, pruning or training and inducing stress, providing good host plants are the important criteria for the healthy growth of sandalwood. The sandalwood tree is a partial root parasite, requiring another host tree by its side, through which it draws nutrient for its good growth.
3.Legal aspect of sandalwood
• Sandalwood plants are widely distributed in the southern states like, Karnataka,Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh and Kerala,hence, defined sandalwood as a “forest produce”, where as “Indian Forest Act”does not have any special provisions for sandalwood• The legal hassles faced by the Sandalwood trade regulation is that there is no comprehensive regulation applicable to the entire country. • The clandestine trade is flourishing and Sandalwood population declining which is in the verge of extinction and Sandalwood is classified as one of the endangered plant specie in India.
4.COST OF PLANTATION

A. plants 400* 35 = 14000/-rs

b.pit digging and plantation 400*20 = 8000/-rs

c.fertilizer 400*4kg =1600kg*10rs = 16000rs

d.drip irigation 25000rs

e.maintenace cost 1 year 25000rs

Total Cost 88000/-(1st year)

5.Expected yield of Heartwood after 15 years

• No.of Sandalwood trees eligible for
extraction after taking 10% as mortalities
theft etc., : 380 Nos.
• Qty.of Heartwood expected 380*20=7600kg
(20kg per tree) 
• Average cost of Heartwood per kg : Rs.3500/-
Total Rs.26600000/-

DRAGON FRUIT FARMING

                                        DRAGON FRUIT CULTIVATION

A dragon fruit is the fruit of several cactus species, most importantly of the genus Hylocereus. It is native to South and Central America, belong to perennial epileptic plant. It is also commercially cultivated in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Israel as well as Sri Lanka.
Now dragon fruit is also popularizing in India. It can be cultivated low country wet zone, intermediate zone as well as dry zone with the irrigation facilities.
Three types of Dragon fruit species.
1.Red colour fruit coat with white colour flesh

2.Red colour fruit coat with red colour flesh

3.Yellow colour fruit coat with white colour flesh

Red dragon fruit

Uses
Dragon fruit is important as a fruits as well as ornamental plant. Ripen fruits can be used directly to consume. Also it can be used for produce jam, ice cream, jelly, fruit juice as well as wine. Dragon fruit buds can be prepared as a curry.
Dragon fruit increases the digesting power of the foods. Also it has ability to control cancer, diabetics, anti ageing,high cholesterol as well as blood pressure.
Climatic Conditions
Dragon fruits can tolerate poor soil conditions and temperature variations.
Tropical climate is good for dragon fruit cultivation. The optimum temperature range is about 30-40 oC. Also it needs about 500 1500mm annual rainfall with alternate dry and wet climatic condition. It need good sunlight, but not suitable for long period. At that time shading is important.
Soil and Water ::Good drainage system is important to dragon fruit cultivation. 10-30% sandy soils with organic matters provide good condition for plant growth. Sandy soils also suitable for dragon fruit cultivation
Planting 
Planting space is about 2 x 2m.
Pit size is about 60 x 60 x 60cm. These pits are filled by top soil, decomposed cow dung or compost with 100g of super phosphate. To improve the drainage, add small brick pieces and some amount of sand to bottom of the pit.

dragon plants

we can plant 1600 no's of plants in one Acre of land and 400 no's 0f concrete column to support the plant twigs. Four plants are planted on four sides of the poles. Dragon fruit needs support to up right growth. Immature stem must be tied to that column. But thereafter aerial roots developed and bound to column. Lateral shoots must be limited and 2-3 main stems are allowed to grow. Because lateral shoots must be removed time to time. It is important to arrange round metal/concrete frame to maintain balanced shrub. Because it spread the hanging shoots balance way.

Dragon fruit flower bloom at night and it is off white in color. Flowering will initiate at April/ May period. Due to beauty of the flower, these flowers also named as Queen of night, Moon flower and Nobal woman. Fruits will be matured 30 -35 days after flowering. Fruiting period will continue up to November. Harvesting can be done six times with in this period. Outer cover of immature is in bright green colour. It will become red in colour with ripening. Proper time of harvesting is after four days of colour changing. But for export purpose, it is important to harvesting a day after colour changing.
FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Dragon fruit forest related plant belong to family Cactaceae. Therefore it needs water and fertilizer. It is newly introduced plant for cultivation. Thus has not recommended fertilizer mixture yet. But good result can be obtained by applying below mentioned fertilizer mixtures

Organic Fertilizer Organic fertilizer is very important to proper growth and development of dragon fruit plant. Be Apply 15kg of organic fertilizer per plant and increase the amount by 2kg per year up to 20kg.

Inorganic Fertilizer

For vegetative stage

Apply below mentioned fertilizer mixture each four months.

Urea - 72 g ;; Super phosphate - 88 g ;; Muriate of potash - 40 g;

For bearing trees

It is important to apply low amount of nitrogen and high amount of potash for obtain ample yield. Apply below mentioned mixture per plant before the flowering (April) fruit developing stage (July/ August) as well as after the harvesting (December).

Urea - 50 g;; Super phosphate - 50 g;; Muriate of potash - 100 g

It is import to increase the applied amount of fertilizer by 225g per year up to 1.5 kg.

Water Management:: Irrigation is needed for normal growth and yield of the plant in dry season. Also, need to apply irrigation system in dry zone. Drip irrigation is recommended

YEILD:: Average fruit weight is about 300-600 g in intermediate zone. Average yield is about 5000kg per acra.

COSTING OF PLANTATION: in INR

1). cement poles 400*300 = 120000/-rs

2).pit digging and ploe erection 400*120= 48000/-rs

3).land preparation 15000/-rs

4).drip irigation 25000/-rs

5).plant cost 1600*30 =48000/-rs

6).fertilizer 1600kg*8 =12800/-rs

7).Tyre&iron rod erection 400*150=60000/-rs
8).plantation work 1600*10 = 16000/-rs
9).1 year maintenance ( fertilizer,pesticide,weeding,causality) 30000/-rs
 TOTAL COST PER ACRE       344800/-RS

PROFIT :

Yield starts after one year ( 1-2 tons) per acre and yields 3 to 6 Tons from second year onward. It may increase up to 8 Tons if proper care is taken during vegetative and fruiting stages by applying proper proportions of both organic and inorganic fertilizers.

now one kg of Dragon fruits cost RS 100 =00

5000 Kgs X 100rs = 5,00,000=00rs.

Farmer can get easy returns early by cultivating Dragon fruits. He can enjoy high returns with good 

management methods for not less than 20 to 25 years.

Dragon fruit farming

INDIANSADALWOODFARMS
NADENDLA,
MOB-9441982491.

CONTACT US

CONTACT US

INDIAN SANDALWOOD FARMS

NADENDLA, GUNTUR

ANDHRAPRADESH

PIN-522234

MOB- +919441982491

1.Nadendla

Guntur(dt)

ANDHRAPRADESH.

2.Umeta,

Anand(dist)

GUJARAT.

3. Dhekilajuli,

sonitpur(dist)

ASSAM.

4.bhareli,

UTTARPRADESH.

mob-    +919441982491

email-   eastindiansandalwood@gmail.com

1 year old sandalwood seedlings in INDIAN SANDALWOOD FARMS.

15 years sandalwood tree 

after 13 years sandalwood heartwood formation

                          శ్రీగంధం  

 శ్రీ గంధం లేదా  చందనము ఒక విశిష్టమైన సుగంధాన్నిచ్చే వృక్షం. దీని శాస్త్రీయనామం శాంటాలమ్ ఆల్బమ్ (Santalum album). ఇది శాంటలేసి  (Santalaceae) కుంటుంబానికి చెందినది.ప్రాచిన  కాలంనుండి  భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో ఉన్నది. దీని పుట్టుక దక్షినభారతం, ప్రపంచ వ్యాప్తoగా ఉన్న  గందపు  మొక్కలలో భారతదేశ రకమైన శ్రీగంధం నుండి మాత్రమే  అత్యధిక సుగంధ తైలం మరియు గంధం లభిస్తుంది.  ఇప్పటి వరకు శ్రీగంధం మొక్కలను అడవుల నుండి సేకరిస్తూన్నందు వలన ఇవి అంతరించి పోయేస్తాయిలో  ఉన్నాయి.  

ఉపయోగాలు 

santalum album  seeds 

 చందనం వ్యాధి నిరోధక శక్తిని మరియు మేధస్సును పెంచే గుణము కలది. చందనపుచెక్కనుండి తీసిన తైలం మంచి సువాసన  కలిగియుండి పరిమళ ద్రవ్యముల తయారీలో బాగా వాడుతున్నారు. ఇది మెదడు, హృదయమునకు సంబంధించిన వ్యాధులకు, కడుపులో మంట, జ్వరము, తలనొప్పి, జలుబు, శ్వాసకోశ, మూత్రకోశ, అతిసార వ్యాధులకు, మశూచి, స్ఫోటకము మరియు ఇతర చర్మవ్యాధులకు సంబంధించిన మందుల తయారీలో ఉపయోగపడును. వేరు నుండి లభించే తైలాన్ని అత్తరు, అగరుబత్తి, సబ్బులలో ఉపయోగిస్తారు.

సాగువిధానం 

santalum album  plant

మొక్కల ఎంపికలో రైతులు జాగ్రత్తలు పాటించాలి బాగా ఆరోగ్యంగా  ఉన్నసేంద్రీయ పద్దతి లో పెంచిన రెండు సంవత్సరాల వయస్సు ఉన్నమొక్కలనే ఎంచుకోవాలి. చౌడు లేని ఎర్ర, నల్లని,ఇసుకతో కూడిన నీరు నిలువ ఉండని రకముల  నేలలు చందనము సాగుకు అనుకూలమైనవి. ఇది ఉష్ణమండల పంట. దీనికి తేమగల పొడి నేలలు, భారతదేశం అంతట గల వాతావరణం అనుకూలం . ఇది అడవులలో వర్షాధారంగా  పెరుగుతుంది కనుక వర్షాకాలంలో తక్కువ  నీటి  ఆవశ్యకత కలది, వేసవిలో చిన్న వయస్సు  మొక్కలకు  రెండు సార్లు నీరు ఇవ్వాలి. శ్రీగంధం చెట్టు ఒక పరాన్న జీవన వృక్షం.  ఇది భూమి నుండి నేరుగా కొన్ని  పోషకాలను గ్రహించలేదు. వేరే మొక్కల వేర్లతో ప్రత్యేకమైన సంబంధాన్ని ఏర్పరచుకొని  పోషకాలను గ్రహిస్తుంది. అందువలన శ్రీగంధం మొక్కలతో పాటు వేరే అతిథేయి మొక్కలను పెంచవలసి ఉంటుంది. అతిథేయి మొక్కలుగా కంది,మామిడి , ఉసిరి, సరుగుడు, కానుగ, మిరప, కరివేపాకు మొదలైనవాటిని పెంచవచ్చును. తగిన సమయంలో కలుపు నివారించాలి. సరైన యాజమాన్య పద్దతులు ద్వారా   నాటిన నాల్ల్గవ సంవత్సరం నుండే విత్తనాలు కాస్తాయి.ఆరవ సంవత్సరం నుండి చెట్టుకు చేవ మొదలవుతుంది. ఈ చేవ  నే గంధం అంటారు. బాగ ముదిరిన ఈ చెట్టు కర్ర మంచి సువాసన కలిగి వుంటుంది.15వ సంవత్సరంలో పంట తీసుకోవచ్చు, ప్రతీ మొక్క నుండి 25-30కిలోల  చేవ లభిస్తుంది, ఈ  చేవ మార్కెట్ లో కిలో  6000/-రూపాయలు ధర ఉంది. ఇతర భాగాల నుండి అదనపు ఆదాయం లభిస్తుంది.

ఆదాయం 

 ఒక ఎకరాకి 10 x 10 అడుగుల  అంతరంలో 435 మొక్కలు నాటవచ్చు

ఒక ఎకరాలో 10% మొక్కలు చేతికి అందక పోయినా ?

santalum album 2years  farm 

ఎకరాకి  390 x  25 =  9750 కిలోల చేవ దిగుబడి ఉంటుంది .

9750 x  6000 = 5,85,00,000రూపాయల ఆదాయం వస్తుంది.

మొక్కల ఎంపికలో రైతులు జాగ్రత్తలు పాటించాలి బాగా ఆరోగ్యంగా ఉన్నసేంద్రీయ పద్దతి లో పెంచిన రెండు సంవత్సరాల వయస్సు ఉన్నమొక్కలనే ఎంచుకోవాలి.  

sandalwood nursery plants

good quality well raised sutiabul for all type of soils rootstacks, seedlings and seeds are availabul bouth sandal(chandan) and redsandals(rakth chandan).

santalum album cultivation

1.INTRODUCTION Sandalwood has been valued for centuries for its fragrance, wood working potential and various purported medicinal qualities. In India the genus is represented by Santalum album and the wood is commercially known as East Indian Sandalwood and the essential oil from it is East Indian Sandalwood oil. East Indian Sandalwood & Sandalwood Oil are amongst the oldest perfumery materials used
2.Agro technology of cultivation of Sandalwood

It is a mistaken belief that sandalwood grown in natural forest conditions alone produce scented heartwood and sandalwood grown in northern region does not. Sandalwood can be grown in a variety of soil with pH ranging from 7 to 8.5, with area temperature ranging from 5 to 50C. It is not region specific and can adapt to different environmental conditions. The plantation-grown trees with irrigation and fertilization perform exceedingly well compared to natural forest conditions. In natural conditions sandalwood trees takes more than 7 years to produce scented heartwood and its growth is restricted due to climatic factors, soil, vegetation, fire, grazing and human interventions. Under these stress conditions, fully developed tree requires about 30 to 35 years for harvesting. Whereas the plantation grown trees produce heartwood formations in about 3 to 4 years and develop good heartwood ranging in diameter from 15 cm to 25 cm in about 12 to15 years. Harvesting at this age is much more economical and commercially viable.
The sandalwood oil obtained at this age may range from 3.5 to 4 percent with good percentage of total santalol content. These results are based on the existing plantations of Indian Sandalwood in Australia. Timely Irrigation, fertilization, soil working, pruning or training and inducing stress, providing good host plants are the important criteria for the healthy growth of sandalwood. The sandalwood tree is a partial root parasite, requiring another host tree by its side, through which it draws nutrient for its good growth.
3.Legal aspect of sandalwood
• Sandalwood plants are widely distributed in the southern states like, Karnataka,Tamil Nadu, AndhrPradesh and Kerala,hence, defined sandalwood as a “forest produce”, where as “Indian Forest Act”does not have any special provisions for sandalwood• The legal hassles faced by the Sandalwood trade regulation is that there is no comprehensive regulation applicable to the entire country. • The clandestine trade is flourishing and Sandalwood population declining which is in the verge of extinction and Sandalwood is classified as one of the endangered plant specie in India.
4.NMPB ASSISTANCE
• In India, National Medicinal Plant Board & National Horticultural Mission are assisting through their State
 Agencies for cultivation of Sandalwood along with the other medicinal plants as one of the haustorial plant with Sandalwood. 
5.Expected yield of Heartwood after 15 years

• No.of Sandalwood trees eligible for
extraction after taking 10% as mortalities
theft etc., : 450 Nos.
• Qty.of Heartwood expected
(20kg per tree) : 9000 kgs
• Qty.of Sapwood (30kg per tree) : 13500 Kgs
• Average cost of Heartwood per kg : Rs.3500/-
• Cost of sapwood per kg : Rs.65/-
• Approx. cost of 9000kg of Heartwood : Rs.31500000/-
• Approx. cost of 13500kg of sapwood : Rs.877500/-
• Estimated profit from inter crops : Rs.120000/-

• • Total : Rs.32497500/-